Panayote Dimitras

This article by Panayote Dimitras, drawn from the journal *Esprit*, offers a historical and sociological analysis of Greek anti-Westernism, structured around three distinct currents. The study first traces the medieval roots of this hostility, grounded in the Schism of 1054 and the traumas of the Crusades, before examining contemporary anti-Westernism, shaped by the civil war, the Cyprus crisis, and the third-worldist ideology of Pasok. The article then focuses on the emergence, in the early 1980s, of a "neo-Orthodox" current seeking to reconcile Byzantine tradition, Hellenic identity, and socialist aspiration. The main contribution lies in highlighting the tensions between cultural modernization and identity resistance, as well as in identifying potentially anti-democratic tendencies within this movement, whose theological and political significance remained at the time still marginal but noteworthy.